Adderall is a prescription medication that combines two stimulant drugs: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It affects the neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, which play key roles in attention and behavior. For individuals with ADHD, Adderall can help increase attention span, decrease impulsiveness, and enhance overall cognitive function. For those with narcolepsy, it can help manage excessive daytime sleepiness and improve wakefulness.